Terraria Download Free PC - Your Epic Adventure Awaits

Terraria obtain free PC unlocks a world of pixelated surprise! Dive right into a vibrant panorama brimming with prospects, from mining for treasured minerals to crafting epic weaponry. Discover sprawling caverns, battle fearsome creatures, and construct breathtaking buildings. This complete information particulars tips on how to get your palms on this free PC journey and all the pieces you want to know to start out taking part in.

This information will stroll you thru each step of the method, from discovering protected obtain sources to mastering the intricacies of Terraria’s gameplay. We’ll additionally discover its thrilling options, delve into the neighborhood, and supply invaluable ideas for rookies. Get able to embark on an unforgettable journey!

Table of Contents

Introduction to Terraria Obtain

Terraria, a fascinating sandbox journey sport, invitations gamers on a journey to craft, discover, and conquer a vibrant world. Think about a limitless panorama teeming with fantastical creatures, sources ready to be unearthed, and buildings to be constructed. It is a world the place your creativeness is the one restrict, and the place the rewards are as wealthy and numerous because the challenges.This sport is not nearly accumulating sources and slaying monsters; it is about crafting your individual future.

From humble beginnings as a easy miner, you may rise to change into a robust sorcerer, a fearsome warrior, or perhaps a grasp architect, remodeling the world round you to your liking. The journey is deeply rewarding, fostering creativity and problem-solving expertise.

Core Gameplay Mechanics

Terraria’s core gameplay revolves round exploration, useful resource gathering, crafting, fight, and constructing. Gamers excavate the earth to uncover minerals, collect vegetation, and slay numerous creatures. These sources are then used to craft instruments, weapons, and armor, progressively growing fight effectiveness and survival capabilities. The constructing facet permits gamers to erect elaborate buildings, from humble properties to magnificent castles.The sport’s fascinating world is dynamic, responding to the participant’s actions.

Day and evening cycles, climate patterns, and even the habits of creatures create a consistently evolving surroundings, including depth and replayability to the expertise.

Recreation Options

A wealthy tapestry of options enhances the general expertise. These embody an enormous array of creatures, weapons, armor, and gadgets, every with its distinctive properties and skills. Gamers can uncover a various vary of biomes, from lush forests to treacherous caves, every presenting distinctive challenges and rewards. A strong crafting system permits gamers to create a myriad of things, tailoring their instruments, weapons, and armor to their playstyle.

Exploration: Terraria’s huge world, crammed with secrets and techniques and mysteries, beckons gamers to delve deep into caves, discover treacherous mountains, and uncover hidden areas. This exploration is a major facet, providing a relentless sense of discovery and reward.
Crafting: From primary instruments to superior weaponry, the crafting system in Terraria empowers gamers to create an enormous array of things, permitting them to adapt to the challenges and alternatives offered by the sport’s dynamic surroundings.
Fight: The sport’s fight system is participating and rewarding. Gamers face a various array of enemies, demanding strategic pondering and ability to beat. From primary melee weapons to highly effective ranged assaults, gamers can select a combating fashion that fits their preferences.

Goal Viewers and Reputation

Terraria appeals to a broad viewers, from informal players in search of a calming expertise to hardcore gamers in search of a difficult and rewarding journey. Its distinctive mix of exploration, crafting, and fight, mixed with a visually interesting world, has made it a well-liked alternative for gamers of all ability ranges. The sport’s enduring reputation is obvious in its huge participant base and frequent updates, showcasing its lasting attraction and talent to adapt to participant suggestions.

Platforms

Terraria is obtainable throughout numerous gaming platforms, guaranteeing accessibility for a variety of gamers. This consists of PC, PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo Swap, and cellular platforms. This broad availability has considerably contributed to its huge international attain and recognition.

PC: The unique and hottest platform, providing the fullest expertise with mod help and neighborhood options.
Consoles: Terraria’s presence on PlayStation, Xbox, and Nintendo Swap brings the sport to a wider viewers, increasing its attain past PC.
Cell: The cellular variations enable gamers to expertise the essence of Terraria on the go, including to the sport’s accessibility and attraction.

Free Obtain Choices

Embarking on a Terraria journey begins with securing a dependable obtain. This part explores the assorted avenues for acquiring the sport, highlighting each legit and doubtlessly problematic strategies. Navigating the digital panorama safely and successfully is paramount.Selecting a protected and legit supply for downloading Terraria is essential. Unverified websites can current safety dangers, whereas the official platform ensures a safe and real expertise.

Understanding the distinctions between these choices empowers knowledgeable selections.

Official Web site Obtain

The official Terraria web site is the gold normal for buying the sport. This method ensures you obtain the most recent model, full with all crucial updates and patches. The official web site is a trusted supply for legit downloads, safeguarding in opposition to malware and guaranteeing a seamless gaming expertise.

Third-Social gathering Obtain Websites

Some third-party websites would possibly supply Terraria downloads, doubtlessly at a lowered value or with further options. Nevertheless, these websites might not all the time be reliable. Fastidiously consider any such website’s popularity and consumer opinions earlier than continuing.

Potential Dangers of Unofficial Downloads

Downloading Terraria from unofficial sources poses a number of dangers. Malicious software program, corrupted information, and outdated variations are potential pitfalls. Moreover, there’s the chance of encountering non-genuine copies that will not supply full performance or future updates. This underscores the significance of prioritizing safety and authenticity.

Steps for a Safe Terraria Obtain

A protected obtain includes verifying the official Terraria web site as your major supply. Straight accessing the official web page avoids middleman websites which will compromise safety. Obtain solely from the trusted and official supply.

Comparability of Obtain Strategies

Methodology	Professionals	Cons
Official Web site	Assured authenticity, newest updates, safe obtain, no threat of malware.	Probably slower obtain speeds in comparison with some third-party websites, might require registration.
Third-Social gathering Websites	Probably quicker obtain speeds, numerous presents, reductions, and particular editions.	Excessive threat of malware, corrupted information, outdated variations, no assure of authenticity, potential for fraud or scams.

System Necessities

Terraria, a beloved sandbox journey sport, is understood for its vibrant world and fascinating gameplay. To totally expertise this fascinating world, your laptop wants to satisfy sure specs. These necessities are essential for easy efficiency, guaranteeing a satisfying journey via the pixelated landscapes.Understanding the system necessities is crucial for choosing the suitable {hardware} configuration and avoiding irritating efficiency points.

Understanding the minimal and really useful specs will aid you tailor your PC setup for optimum Terraria gameplay. It will permit you to keep away from any pointless compromises within the expertise.

Minimal System Necessities

The minimal necessities characterize the barebones specs wanted to run Terraria. When you can technically play with these minimums, count on a lower than best expertise. Efficiency could also be noticeably sluggish, and sure options is perhaps compromised. These specs characterize absolutely the lowest settings to make sure primary performance.

CPU: A dual-core processor with 2 GHz pace. This processor pace is a important part for easy sport operation, straight affecting the sport’s responsiveness. For a smoother expertise, think about a higher-clocked CPU.
RAM: 2 GB of RAM. This quantity of RAM is commonly inadequate for a lot of trendy video games, and may result in efficiency issues. Video games comparable to Terraria can usually demand extra RAM to run successfully. Extra RAM will usually translate to a extra responsive and gratifying gameplay expertise.
Graphics Card: A devoted graphics card with 512 MB of video reminiscence. A devoted graphics card is crucial for processing the visible parts of the sport. Decrease-end graphics playing cards might wrestle with excessive resolutions and detailed visuals. A extra highly effective card will result in extra spectacular graphics and a smoother gameplay expertise.
Storage: 1 GB of accessible laborious drive house. That is the minimal house wanted to put in and run the sport. You’ll want to account for potential house necessities from saves, add-ons, and different sport content material.

Beneficial System Necessities

The really useful necessities characterize a extra optimum configuration for taking part in Terraria. It will present a considerably enhanced gaming expertise with excessive body charges and smoother visuals. These specs are sometimes really useful for a extra nice expertise.

CPU: A quad-core processor with 3 GHz pace. This can be a vital improve from the minimal necessities and ensures smoother, quicker efficiency.
RAM: 4 GB of RAM. Having extra RAM is useful for operating extra purposes alongside the sport, comparable to browsers or different applications, resulting in a extra secure and responsive gaming expertise.
Graphics Card: A devoted graphics card with 1 GB of video reminiscence. It will considerably enhance visible constancy and supply smoother efficiency at increased resolutions and settings.
Storage: 2 GB of accessible laborious drive house. It will accommodate the sport’s information and any future updates or add-ons.

Impression of {Hardware} Parts on Efficiency, Terraria obtain free laptop

The efficiency of Terraria straight correlates with the capabilities of your {hardware}. A quicker CPU processes directions faster, leading to a smoother gaming expertise. Adequate RAM handles sport knowledge and different purposes extra effectively. A strong graphics card enhances visible particulars and reduces lag. Storage capability ensures that the sport masses and operates with out interruption.

Part	Minimal Requirement	Beneficial Requirement
CPU	Twin-core 2 GHz	Quad-core 3 GHz
RAM	2 GB	4 GB
Graphics Card	Devoted 512 MB	Devoted 1 GB
Storage	1 GB	2 GB

Set up and Setup

Getting Terraria up and operating in your PC is a breeze! This information will stroll you thru the method, from downloading to configuring your settings, guaranteeing a easy and satisfying gaming expertise. We’ll cowl frequent snags and supply options, so you may conquer the desert and the dungeon with confidence.A well-executed set up is vital to avoiding frustration later.

Comply with these steps rigorously, and you will be exploring the world of Terraria very quickly. This part particulars the important steps for a flawless Terraria set up and setup in your PC.

Set up Steps

The set up course of is easy. As soon as you’ve got downloaded the sport, find the downloaded file. Double-clicking this file will provoke the set up wizard. Comply with the on-screen prompts, rigorously choosing the set up listing if desired. This usually includes accepting license agreements and selecting a vacation spot folder.

The set up wizard will information you thru the method.

Troubleshooting Widespread Points

Often, points come up throughout set up. One frequent drawback is inadequate laborious drive house. Earlier than beginning, guarantee there’s sufficient free house in your laborious drive to accommodate the sport information. If the set up fails, confirm the obtain was full, and examine for web connectivity points. If the issue persists, think about restarting your laptop.

Pre-Set up Checks

A bit of preparation goes a great distance. Thorough pre-installation checks will guarantee a easy set up expertise.

Verify for accessible updates: Earlier than diving in, verify if any updates can be found for the Terraria installer. This ensures you are utilizing the most recent model, which frequently consists of bug fixes and efficiency enhancements.
Guarantee ample space for storing: Terraria requires a specific amount of space for storing. Estimate the mandatory house and guarantee you might have sufficient free house in your laborious drive earlier than initiating the obtain.
Confirm compatibility with the working system: Terraria’s minimal and really useful system necessities specify the working system model compatibility. Affirm your working system meets the necessities for a easy expertise.

Configuring Recreation Settings

After set up, personalize your gaming expertise by adjusting the sport settings. This customization means that you can optimize the sport on your system’s capabilities.The sport settings are simply accessible from inside the Terraria launcher. You may regulate graphics settings, sound results, and different preferences to match your preferences and system capabilities.

Alternate options and Opponents: Terraria Obtain Free Computer

All Terraria NPCs and how to unlock them

Terraria’s distinctive mix of exploration, crafting, fight, and constructing has captivated hundreds of thousands. However the sandbox style boasts different compelling experiences. Let’s delve into some options and see how they stack up in opposition to the Terraria expertise.Exploring related sandbox or action-adventure video games reveals a various panorama of gameplay kinds. Some emphasize useful resource administration, others give attention to narrative development, and others excel at emergent gameplay.

Understanding these variations helps gamers select the sport that most closely fits their preferences.

Evaluating Terraria to Different Sandbox Video games

This exploration considers video games with overlapping mechanics and comparable participant engagement. It is vital to notice that evaluating video games is not about rating, however about understanding the strengths and weaknesses of every title. These comparisons assist gamers make knowledgeable selections.

Recreation	Style	Key Options
Terraria	Motion-Journey, Sandbox	Crafting, exploration, fight, constructing, numerous biomes, huge content material
Minecraft	Sandbox, Survival	Useful resource gathering, crafting, constructing, exploration, numerous sport modes
Starbound	Motion-Journey, Sandbox	Exploration, fight, crafting, constructing, house exploration, an enormous universe to discover
Factorio	Sandbox, Useful resource Administration	Useful resource gathering, automation, development, complicated manufacturing chains, a give attention to effectivity
ARK: Survival Developed	Motion-Journey, Survival	Dynamic environments, crafting, constructing, large-scale dinosaur interactions, a robust give attention to survival and taming creatures

Terraria’s Strengths and Weaknesses In contrast

Terraria excels in its huge, procedurally generated world, providing countless prospects for exploration. Its give attention to crafting and constructing is very rewarding, permitting gamers to create complicated buildings and instruments. The various vary of enemies and biomes gives a relentless problem. Nevertheless, Terraria’s narrative is much less pronounced than different video games, which can attraction much less to gamers in search of a robust narrative focus.Minecraft, whereas related in its crafting and constructing elements, leans extra closely into survival.

Its easier fight and crafting methods make it extra accessible to a broader viewers. The countless prospects for constructing and the emphasis on creativity are additionally very interesting. Nevertheless, the gameplay loop can generally really feel repetitive.Starbound’s house exploration provides a novel dimension, providing an enormous universe to discover. Its fight and crafting methods are well-balanced, and the give attention to narrative is extra vital.

The participant’s character development in Starbound feels extra distinct and centered. However its stage of issue is perhaps much less interesting to gamers preferring an easier problem.Factorio emphasizes useful resource administration and automation, creating a distinct expertise completely. The complexity and depth of the methods are compelling. Its gameplay loop is much less centered on action-adventure and extra on constructing intricate manufacturing chains.

However this focus would possibly alienate gamers who desire a extra direct combat-oriented sport.ARK: Survival Developed emphasizes the taming and interplay with dinosaurs. Its dynamic environments and large-scale interactions are compelling. However its give attention to survival can really feel much less balanced and its emphasis on particular mechanics might not attraction to all gamers.

Selecting the Proper Various

In the end, one of the best various to Terraria depends upon particular person preferences. Take into account whether or not you prioritize exploration, fight, constructing, or a robust narrative. Gamers in search of an analogous crafting and constructing expertise however with a extra pronounced narrative would possibly discover Starbound participating. For these prioritizing survival and useful resource administration, Minecraft presents a extra simple method. Gamers drawn to the vastness and procedurally generated world of Terraria would possibly discover related satisfaction in exploring the various biomes and methods of different sandbox video games.

Neighborhood and Assist

Terraria’s vibrant neighborhood is a testomony to its enduring attraction. Gamers flock to this world not only for the sport’s mechanics, however for the shared expertise and camaraderie. The help system, each on-line and inside the sport itself, is strong and welcoming. It is a testomony to the facility of a passionate participant base.The Terraria neighborhood thrives on interplay and collaboration.

From sharing ideas and methods to coordinating huge world tasks, gamers create a dynamic and fascinating expertise. The collective data and enthusiasm of the neighborhood considerably improve the sport’s enjoyment.

Terraria On-line Neighborhood

The Terraria on-line neighborhood is extremely lively and supportive. Gamers ceaselessly share ideas, methods, and creations. Discussions usually heart on new updates, crafting recipes, and progressive methods to play the sport. This fixed interplay retains the sport contemporary and thrilling for all gamers. Whether or not you are a seasoned veteran or a newcomer, the neighborhood warmly welcomes you.

On-line Assets and Assist

A wealth of sources and help is obtainable to Terraria gamers. Devoted boards and web sites present a platform for gamers to attach, ask questions, and obtain help. These on-line communities function hubs for gamers to share experiences and troubleshoot challenges. In depth wikis and video guides additional amplify the accessible help.

Connecting with Different Gamers

A number of strategies enable gamers to attach with one another in Terraria. In-game chat options facilitate real-time communication with different gamers. On-line boards and social media teams present platforms for broader interplay. The sport itself facilitates a way of neighborhood via shared targets, comparable to crafting elaborate buildings or battling difficult bosses. Gamers can join and work collectively to beat challenges, enhancing the collaborative facet of the sport.

On-line Boards and Communities

Quite a few on-line boards and communities cater to Terraria gamers. These platforms supply areas for gamers to debate numerous elements of the sport, from in-depth methods to sharing artistic builds. Particular boards devoted to specific sport modes or elements additional enrich the neighborhood expertise. These platforms present an area for gamers to share their insights and contribute to the shared data base.

Significance of Participant Interplay

Participant interplay is a cornerstone of the Terraria expertise. Sharing methods, collaborating on tasks, and easily having fun with the sport collectively enhances the enjoyment for everybody concerned. Gamers can study from one another’s experiences, uncover new methods, and develop their understanding of the sport’s intricacies. The dynamic interaction between gamers considerably contributes to the sport’s general attraction. The neighborhood’s help creates a welcoming surroundings the place gamers can develop collectively.

Security and Safety Issues

Defending your self on-line is essential, particularly when downloading software program. Understanding the potential dangers and tips on how to mitigate them is vital to a easy and protected gaming expertise. A bit of vigilance goes a great distance in stopping hassle.Downloading video games like Terraria, whereas typically protected, can expose you to potential threats when you’re not cautious. Understanding these dangers and taking precautions can prevent lots of complications and guarantee you might have a optimistic expertise.

Potential Safety Dangers of Third-Social gathering Downloads

Third-party obtain websites, whereas generally providing quicker downloads or unique content material, can pose vital safety dangers. Malicious actors would possibly disguise dangerous software program as legit downloads. This will embody viruses, adware, or ransomware, able to compromising your system. Carelessness in selecting obtain sources can result in undesirable penalties.

Making certain a Secure Obtain Expertise

A safe obtain expertise hinges on meticulous consideration to element. Completely researching the supply is essential. All the time double-check the web site’s popularity and consumer opinions earlier than continuing. Searching for safety certifications and seals of approval can present added assurance.

Avoiding Malware or Viruses

Malware and viruses can infiltrate your system via contaminated downloads. A strong antivirus program is crucial for detecting and eradicating malicious software program. Often updating your antivirus software program is important to fight new threats. It is essential to have dependable safety measures in place.

Selecting Reliable Obtain Sources

Selecting legit obtain sources is paramount for protected downloads. Official web sites or respected digital distribution platforms are typically the most secure choices. All the time search for the official web site or trusted retailers when potential. Downloading from a verified supply drastically reduces the chance of encountering malicious software program.

Security Ideas

Solely obtain from trusted sources. Official web sites, trusted retailers, and well-reviewed platforms are preferable to obscure or unknown websites.
Scan downloaded information for malware. Use a good antivirus program to scan downloaded information earlier than operating them.
Be cautious of suspicious hyperlinks. Keep away from clicking on hyperlinks that appear too good to be true or that come from unknown senders.
Hold your working system and software program up to date. Updates usually embody essential safety patches to guard in opposition to rising threats.
Be cautious of pop-up advertisements or unsolicited presents. Pop-up advertisements and sudden presents could be purple flags for malicious downloads.
Don’t share your passwords or private info with untrusted sources.

Gameplay Overview

Terraria’s fascinating world presents a various vary of gameplay experiences, inviting gamers to discover, craft, and battle. The sport’s distinctive mix of exploration, useful resource administration, and fight creates a dynamic and rewarding journey. Gamers can delve into the depths of the earth, ascend to the heavens, or just discover the huge landscapes between.The core mechanics of Terraria are deeply intertwined, permitting for quite a few artistic and strategic approaches.

From crafting intricate weapons to constructing magnificent buildings, the sport’s huge array of prospects encourages experimentation and innovation. Gamers can freely mould their journey, whether or not it is centered on survival in opposition to relentless monsters or unleashing their creativity in a sandbox surroundings.

Recreation Modes

The number of sport modes accessible in Terraria permits for tailor-made experiences. Every mode presents distinctive challenges and rewards, encouraging completely different playstyles. This versatile method to gameplay caters to gamers of all preferences.

Survival Mode: In Survival Mode, gamers face fixed challenges. Assets are restricted, and monsters are relentless. Gamers should collect sources, craft instruments, and construct defenses to outlive. This mode is ideal for gamers who benefit from the thrill of the wrestle, requiring cautious useful resource administration and strategic decision-making. Efficiently overcoming the challenges of Survival Mode usually results in an intense feeling of accomplishment.
Artistic Mode: Artistic Mode gives a novel method to gameplay. Gamers have limitless sources and may freely construct and craft. This mode is right for gamers who get pleasure from creating elaborate buildings and experimenting with completely different aesthetics. There isn’t any worry of useful resource shortage, opening up prospects for bold tasks and showcasing creativeness.

Recreation Mechanics

Terraria’s mechanics mix seamlessly to create a compelling expertise. The sport mechanics emphasize useful resource gathering, crafting, and fight.

Useful resource Gathering: Gamers gather sources from the surroundings to craft instruments, weapons, and buildings. This facet emphasizes exploration and resourcefulness, making gamers actively take part within the sport’s world.
Crafting: Crafting is a crucial aspect of Terraria, permitting gamers to create instruments, weapons, and armor to help them of their journey. This emphasizes the significance of strategic planning and useful resource administration.
Fight: Fight in Terraria is participating and assorted. Gamers face a big selection of monsters, every with its personal distinctive strengths and weaknesses. Efficient fight technique requires data of enemy patterns and participant expertise.

Totally different Methods to Play

Terraria’s design permits for numerous playstyles. Gamers can give attention to exploration, crafting, fight, or a mixture of those. The adaptability of the sport mechanics allows gamers to form their expertise.

Exploration: The huge world of Terraria invitations gamers to find hidden caves, dungeons, and biomes. This facet emphasizes the enjoyment of discovery and the fun of the unknown.
Crafting: Gamers can design intricate buildings and create highly effective instruments and weapons. This encourages artistic expression and the pursuit of excellence in constructing and crafting.
Fight: Gamers can problem a variety of monsters, starting from small pests to huge bosses. This facet emphasizes technique and ability in fight, with the chance to change into more and more highly effective.

Recreation Components

A wide range of sport parts mix to create a wealthy and fascinating expertise. The weather improve the sport’s general attraction.

Monsters: A various vary of monsters populate Terraria’s world, including problem and pleasure to the gameplay. They supply thrilling battles and reward gamers with invaluable loot.
Objects: A variety of things are scattered all through the world, encouraging gamers to discover and uncover. They add to the sport’s depth and supply alternatives for personalization.
Biomes: The various biomes add to the world’s attraction, providing distinctive challenges and environments. Every biome presents its personal particular set of creatures, sources, and challenges.

Recreation Modes Desk

Mode	Description
Survival	A difficult mode requiring gamers to collect sources, craft instruments, and construct defenses to outlive in opposition to a big selection of monsters.
Artistic	A mode providing limitless sources and instruments, permitting gamers to freely craft, construct, and discover with out the constraints of useful resource administration.

Ideas and Tips for Learners

Terraria’s vibrant world is a treasure trove of secrets and techniques, ready to be uncovered. Mastering its mechanics and techniques is vital to a satisfying journey. This part presents important steerage for brand spanking new gamers, specializing in the early sport and elementary methods. Getting an excellent begin units the stage for a incredible expertise.New gamers usually really feel overwhelmed by the sheer scale of the sport.

However worry not! By understanding early-game sources, crafting, exploration, and constructing, you may quickly achieve a foothold and progress with confidence. With these elementary strategies, you may be in your option to crafting epic weapons and armor very quickly.

Early Recreation Useful resource Administration

Efficient useful resource administration is important for long-term success in Terraria. The early sport presents distinctive challenges and alternatives. Understanding the place to prioritize your efforts and tips on how to purchase the mandatory sources is important. This includes strategically accumulating supplies for crafting.

Prioritize gathering wooden, stone, and iron ore. These are elementary constructing blocks and crafting supplies on your preliminary wants.
Deal with early-game crafting recipes. Unlocking early recipes will permit you to construct extra complicated gadgets and buildings.
Discover the world totally. Mining caves, accumulating ores, and gathering different sources in numerous areas will improve your early-game capabilities.

Primary Crafting and Constructing

Studying primary crafting recipes is essential to survival and development. Understanding tips on how to mix sources into usable gadgets will permit you to effectively collect and make the most of sources.

Grasp primary crafting recipes for instruments and weapons. These instruments and weapons will likely be important on your early sport challenges.
Be taught to craft primary armor. Defending your self is important for exploration and survival.
Begin constructing primary buildings. These buildings will present shelter, storage, and a base of operations.

Exploration and World Discovery

Exploring the world is crucial for locating hidden secrets and techniques and invaluable sources.

Completely discover caves and underground tunnels. Caves usually maintain invaluable ores and secrets and techniques.
Take note of completely different biomes and their distinctive options. Totally different biomes usually have distinctive sources.
Do not neglect floor exploration. The floor can comprise helpful gadgets, sources, and potential paths for future growth.